On The Metal

Ken Shirriff

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Key takeaways

  • Ken Shirriff passionately restores and shares knowledge about retro computing, focusing on preserving the history and intricacies involved.
  • The technology of the past, such as the Soyuz spacecraft's digital clock, highlights just how far we have come but also sheds light on how certain concepts are cyclical in technology.
  • Understanding older technologies can inform and inspire future developments, reminding us that many concepts resurface in innovative ways.
  • Community engagement, such as visiting the Computer History Museum, can bolster interest in retro computing and educate a new generation about technology's journey.
  • Computing technology has transitioned from user-friendly analogue systems to complex modern equivalents, yet the need to understand the hardware-software interface remains essential.

Summary

Introduction to Retro Computing

The episode opens with host Brian Cantrell and co-hosts Jess Frisell and Steve Tuck introducing guest Ken Shirriff, a prominent figure in retro computing. They discuss Ken's interest in restoring old computers, showcasing his Twitter presence and blog, which feature fascinating insights into retro computing artifacts like the Soyuz digital clock.

Exploration of the Soyuz Clock

Ken details his recent blog post about a Soyuz clock, highlighting its intricate design with multiple circuit boards and over 100 chips. He explains the archaic technology used, such as TTL chips in a 1980s spacecraft, and his efforts to decode the Cyrillic markings on the chips. This captures the transition in technology from simple watches to the complexity observed in spacecraft instrumentation.

Storing Memories and Programming Experiences

Ken reflects on his early experiences with computers, including programming on a punch card computer at age 13. He shares experiences with various machines, revealing how nostalgia prompts him to reverse-engineer old machines like the Commodore PET and Amdahl systems, along with a keen appreciation for this technology's historical significance.

The Journey into Hardware and Transistor Technology

The discussion delves into the intricate workings of retro hardware, covering the difficulties faced when experimenting with retro chip technology, like analyzing the AM2901 chip. Ken's efforts to explore physical components using a metallurgical microscope exemplifies the dedication to understanding historical computing technologies and their wacky quirks.

The Transformation of Computing Technology

As the conversation progresses, they explore the evolution of computing technologies, from analog computers to the current digital landscape. They discuss technologies like the Honeywell 1800 machine with its dual program counters, leading to conversations about how these older ideas may have relevance today. They note the cyclical nature of technology trends, emphasizing how ideas don't solely go extinct but often return in varied forms.

Engagement in the Retro Computing Community

Brian, Jess, and Steve suggest ways listeners can engage with the retro computing community, highlighting the importance of places like the Computer History Museum where enthusiasts can learn about and interact with historic machines. Ken encourages people to appreciate the intricacies of older technologies as part of preserving historical knowledge.

Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Ken wraps up by emphasizing the value in restoring vintage technology and what we can learn from examining past advancements. He encourages enthusiasm for retro computing, sharing that there are often overlooked ways older components can inspire new ideas or solutions in the field today.

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Show notes

You can find Ken on Twitter at twitter.com/kenshirriff and his blog righto.com.


- Soyuz blog post:

    http://www.righto.com/2020/01/inside-digital-clock-from-soyuz.html

- IBM System/370: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/370

- Amdahl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation

- Build Your Own Z80 Computer:

    https://books.google.com/books?id=mVQnFgWzX0AC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false

- Euler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler

- Commodore PET: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET

- TRS-80 (Trash-80): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS-80 https://techland.time.com/2012/08/03/trs-80/

- Visual 6502: http://www.visual6502.org/

- MOS 6502: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502

- Metallurgy microscope: https://www.amscope.com/compound-microscopes/metallurgical-microscopes.html

- AM2900: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Am2900

- MOS transistor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET

- Cray-1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-1

- Intel 4004: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004

- Datapoint 2200: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datapoint_2200

- Intel 8008: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008

- Endianness: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness

- TTL chips: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic

- Big Endian and Little Endian:

    https://chortle.ccsu.edu/AssemblyTutorial/Chapter-15/ass15_3.html

- Xerox Alto: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto

- Charles Simonyi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simonyi

- Punched cards: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

- Why did line printers have 132 columns?:

    https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/7838/why-did-line-printers-have-132-columns

- Teletype 33: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletype_Model_33

- Analogue computer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer

- Analogue computer thread: https://twitter.com/kenshirriff/status/1223675683387265024

- Differential analyser: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_analyser

- Bitcoin mining on a 1401:

    http://www.righto.com/2015/05/bitcoin-mining-on-55-year-old-ibm-1401.html

- Mining bitcoin with pencil and paper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3dqhixzGVo

- Bitcoin mining on a Xerox Alto:

    http://www.righto.com/2017/07/bitcoin-mining-on-vintage-xerox-alto.html

- Bitcoin mining on the Apollo Guidance computer:

    http://www.righto.com/2019/07/bitcoin-mining-on-apollo-guidance.html

- Colossus computer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer

- Accounting machine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_machine

- Memory phosphor: https://www.britannica.com/science/memory-phosphor

- Rowhammer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_hammer

- Core memory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory

- Williams tube: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_tube

- Core rope memory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_rope_memory

- Honeywell 800: https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/h800.html

- Honeywell 1800: https://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/doc-4372956da1170/

    http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-h.html#HONEYWELL-1800

- SPARC delayed branching:

    https://arcb.csc.ncsu.edu/~mueller/codeopt/codeopt00/notes/delaybra.html

- IBM 360 Model 50: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360_Model_50

- RR Auction: https://www.rrauction.com/

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